The aim of this study was to identify the distinctive features of gender identity representation in the prose of Chinghiz Aitmatov and Haruki Murakami. The analysis focused on the ways in which gender, as a culturally conditioned and discursively constructed category, was textually expressed in the works of authors from different cultural and aesthetic traditions. The methodological foundation of the research included comparative, discursive, and narratological analysis, as well as elements of hermeneutics. Four works by each author were selected, with the criterion for selection being the prominence of gender themes, symbolic significance, and the artistic structure of the narrative. The theoretical framework was based on key concepts developed within feminist criticism, poststructuralism, and cognitive poetics. The study revealed that in the prose of Aitmatov, gender identity was represented within the context of cultural continuity, moral duty, and the philosophical opposition between individual ethics and social norms. It was found that female characters in Aitmatov’s works served as moral guides and communicative channels for cultural continuity, while male characters were marked by a crisis of speech subjectivity and ideologically marked structures. In the prose of Murakami, gender identities manifested as fragmented and unstable speech constructions, prone to transgression and semantic decay. Linguistic analysis showed that binary oppositions were disrupted through syntactic flexibility, pragmatic shifts, and metaphorical saturation. Differences in gender modelling were determined by the type of narrative strategy, discursive logic, and cultural speech norms.