The relevance of this study is related to the need to examine literary texts from the standpoint of building structural patterns, in particular at the phonetic, lexical, and syntactic levels. With the help of comparative and literary sampling analysis, the main formal and substantive indicators of literary texts were investigated using the principles of structural linguistics. At the phonetic level, assonance and alliteration are highlighted in Albanian literature; metaphors, epithets, comparisons, allegory and hyperbole are used at the lexical level, and rhetorical constructions – parallelism, anaphora, and epiphora – at the syntactic level. At the phonetic level, alliteration was used in Azerbaijani literature; at the lexical level, comparisons, epithets, metaphors; and at the syntactic level, inversion, antithesis, rhetorical questions, refrain, anaphora, and epiphora. Assonance and alliteration are presented at the phonetic level in Kyrgyz literature, with hyperbole, metaphor, comparison, epithets, and tautology at the lexical level, and rhetorical figures – polysyndeton, epiphora, and anaphora – at the syntactic level. Meaningful components in Albanian literature are the type of lyrics – love, philosophical; the motives – motive of the transience of life, motive of unhappy love. Meaningful components in Azerbaijani literature are the type of lyrics – love, philosophical; and among the motives – the motive of time, lost or unhappy love, fate. Meaningful components in Kyrgyz literature are the type of lyrics – love, philosophical; and among the motives – the motive of fleeing happiness and transience of time. Symbolic images were also considered: in Albanian literature, a raven; in Azerbaijani, snow flowers; in Kyrgyz, a ship, a white birch. In the future, this study can be used to examine national literatures in the context of structural patterns, for the analysis of poetic and prose texts, to develop new technical solutions for structural analysis.