Pauline Fan is a translator and writer from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. She has translated several books from German to Malay, including Bertolt Brecht’s Liebesgedichte (Dendang Cinta), Immanuel Kant’s Was ist Aufklärung? (Apa itu Pencerahan?) and G.E. Lessing’s Nathan der Weise (Nathan Yang Bijak). She is currently working on Malay translations of the poetry of Paul Celan and the stories of Franz Kafka. She is also translating selected poems by German and Malay-language poets into English. Since 2002, she has worked as Coordinator and Editor for the cultural organisation PUSAKA (Centre for Culture, Tradition, Ideas) to support the viability of the traditional performing arts of Kelantan and other states of Peninsular Malaysia.

Angin

Temperament and Desire in Kelantan

This essay explores the concept of ‘angin’ in the ritual theatre of Kelantan, the northeastern state of Peninsular Malaysia. Reflecting on my years of working with traditional performers in Kelantan, I will examine the concept of ‘angin’ as it is understood in its local cultural context, particularly as it relates to the Mak Yong and Main Puteri, both of which are healing traditions. In doing so, I will draw from the work of Carol Laderman, particularly her interpretation of the Kelantanese concept of ‘angin’ as the Inner Winds. Desire emerges as a fundamental element in the notion of ‘angin’ in the Kelantanese psyche, often determining the well- or ill-being of an individual, while the collective yearnings of their community are characterised by a kind of melancholy that seeks resolution in memory. In considering the ways in which ‘angin’ operates on metaphorical and psychological levels in the context of ritual theatre in Kelantan, I will also explore the various types of trance that take place at such occasions, through a personal account of a healing Mak Yong performance in its community setting.